- Last Czar of Imperial Russia -
( 1868 - 1918 )
* List of the stories
he appears in :
- W US 20-01 : "City of Golden Roofs", from 1957, by Carl Barks (by name only) ; - D 93288 : "The Empire-Builder from Calisota" (Lo$#11), from 1994, by Don Rosa. |
* His biography :
Nicholas, the
eldest son of Alexander III, the Tsar of Russia, and Marie Feodorovna
Dagmar, Princess of Denmark, was born at Krasnoye Selo, Pushkin, Russia,
on May 6, 1868. Nicholas was educated by a tutor, Constantine Petrovich
Pobedonostsev, who drummed the need for autocracy, the divine right of
kings, the continued support of the Russian Orthodox Church, and the hatred
of Jews into Nicholas, thoughts which unfortunately stayed with him all
his life, and probably contributed to revolution. In 1893, he married the
daughter of Grand Duke Ludwig of Hessen, Alix Victoria Eleanor Louisa
Beatrice. When his father died, in 1894, Nicholas became Tsar
(also
spelt Tzar or Czar) Nicholas II.
During his reign, Russia had to
face two wars. In 1904-1905, the country suffered a heavy defeat by
Japan : 400,000 men were killed, wounded or captured, and material
losses were valued at 2.5-billion gold rubles. Even greater losses were
suffered in World War I, which Russia entered on the Allied side
on August 1, 1914, and during whitch took command of the army and left
the government of Russia in the hands of his wife and her advisor Rasputin.
He struggled desperately to hold
on to power during both the 1905 and 1917 revolutions. Freedoms accorded
to people in his manifesto of October 17, 1905, were soon annulled. Loss
of territory, massive casualties and confusion at home, all this caused
by wars, were the main reasons for the Second Russian Revolution in February
1917. On March 2, 1917, Nicholas II abdicated and left the supreme power
of the throne to his brother, Grand Duke Mikhail.
In April 1918, the Bolshevik government
decided to move the Imperial family to Yekaterinburg in the Urals. Here,
he was executed on the night of July 17, 1918 along with his wife and children.
The bodies were hidden and have only recently been found and identified.
* His place in the Barks/Rosa stories universe
:
In Barks'"City of Golden Roofs", Scrooge
evocates the time when he was selling concertinas to the Czar's
cavaliers.
In, "The Empire-Builder from Calisota" now rich
Scrooge McDuck comes in Saint-Petersbourg, where he buys his famous hat
and cane, and visits the Czar to buy him some Faberge's eggs.
In his palace is a poster with written on it "Sales before Revolution.
Everything has to disapperar". In this story, Don Rosa makes reference
to Barks' story above, because the Tsar tells Scrooge that he's smelly,
and Scrooge answers it's because he just passed by the stables to sell
concertinas to his troops. Don Rosa makes reference to Barks' "City of
Golden Roofs".
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